@article {10411,
	title = {Diptera biodiversity at s{\textquoteright}Albufera},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007/04/??},
	pages = {16-30},
	keywords = {Mallorca},
	url = {https://www.taib.info/download/fieldwork-reports/TAIB-Report-2006.pdf?a33b87},
	author = {Ebejer, MJ and Gibbs, DJ and Riddiford, NJ}
}
@book {9921,
	title = {Diptera types in the Canadian National Collection of Insects. Supplement},
	year = {2007},
	publisher = {Invertebrate Biodiversity Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada},
	organization = {Invertebrate Biodiversity Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada},
	edition = {3},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {Carnidae, Meoneura sinclairi},
	author = {Brooks, S. E. and Cumming, J. M. and O{\textquoteright}Hara, J. E. and Skevington, J. H. and Cooper, B. E.}
}
@article {9109,
	title = {Acalyptrate Fliegen (Diptera: Schizophora, Acalyptratae) der jungen D{\"u}neninseln Memmert und Mellum unter besonderer Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Agromyzidae und Chloropidae. Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen von 1984-1986 und 1994},
	journal = {Drosera},
	volume = {1-2},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Acalyptrate flies (Diptera: Schizophora, Acalyptratae) from the yellow dune islands Memmert and Mellum with special consideration of Agromyzidae and Chloropidae. Results of investigations from 1984-1986 and 1994},
	pages = {99-136},
	abstract = {Acalyptrate flies (Diptera, Schizophora, "Acalyptratae") from the yellow dune islands Memmert and Mellum, with special reference to the Agromyzidae and Chloropidae. Study results of the years 1984[long dash]1986 and 1994. Investigations on the dipterous fly fauna of the so called Acalyptratae" had been carried out on two uninhabited and only some 140- years-old German dune islands in the North Sea. These nature protected islands of Memmert and Mellum are situated 90 km apart from each other. Since 1917 Memmert has been populated by domestic rabbits. Altogether, 37 families of acalyptrate Diptera out of 51 in Germany are recorded from ten out of eleven East Frisian Islands. From the two specifically studied young islands, 246,517 specimens have been identified to the family level. 3,408 Agromyzidae (leaf miner flies) belonged to 133 spp., and 47,833 Chloropidae (grass- or frit flies) to 69 spp. Selected species of 15 further families were also identified and discussed concerning their ecology; particularly regarded are salt marsh species, a cambium miner and the dispersal over sea. Tables present information on all agromyzids and chloropids from traps: diversity, flight activity, dominance, phenology, sexual index, and colour preference. It is demonstrated how many specimens must be collected weekly to find one more species. The study is mainly based on the catches of Moericke pan-traps placed on both islands during 1985 and 1994. The numbers of captured specimens of all families from both islands are compared. Included is a comparison of their different pan trap abundance with that of the mainland of western Germany. Sweep net samples enlarge the faunistic analysis. The different results of each sampling method are recorded. The fauna of the island grazed by rabbits differs from that of the island inhabited only by one different terrestrial mammal, the wood mouse. Agromyzidae, Camillidae, and (one species of) Sepsidae are the dipterous families peculiarly influenced by rabbits. A table places all potential host plant genera noted on both islands against all their specific recorded phytophagous leaf miner- and grass fly species. Eight species are new additions to the German checklist: Aulagromyza incognita (HERING, 1956) stat. rev., Liriomyza taurica ZLOBIN, 2002 (Agromyzidae), Chlorops scutellaris (ZETTERSTEDT, 1838), Meromyza rufa FEDOSEEVA, 1962, lncertella scotica (Gown], 1946), Oscinimorpha koeleriae NARCUK, 1970 (Chloropidae), Gymnochiromyia flavella (ZETTERSTEDT, 1848) (Chyromyidae), and Minettia desmometopa (DE MEIJERE, 1907) (Lauxaniidae). The chloropids Siphunculina nidicola NARTSHUK, 1971 and Meromyza rohdendorfi FEDOSEEVA, 1974 as well as Anthomyza paraneglecta ELBERG, 1968 (Anthomyzidae) are recorded for the second time in Germany. For Canada, Croatia, Norway and Spain, Canary Islands, faunistic data (first records) are included, too. New identification characters are presented for several species. Taxonomic notes on Incertella SABROSKY and Microcercis BESCHOVSKI are added.},
	keywords = {Carnidae, Desmometopa m-nigrum, Desmometopa sordida, Germany, Madiza glabra, Milichiidae, Phyllomyza securicornis},
	isbn = {0341-406X},
	author = {Tschirnhaus, M. von}
}
@article {8816,
	title = {The first record of Carnus hemapterus (Diptera: Carnidae) on nestlings of the tawny owl (Strix aluco)},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Universitatis Comenianae},
	volume = {47},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {143-144},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {In April 2007, ten specimens of Carnus hemapterus Nitzsch, 1818 were collected from the tawny owl (Strix aluco) nest located in a beech forest in Biele Karpaty Mts, Slovakia. According to the accessible records in the literature, the presence of C. hemapterus on tawny owl nestlings has been recorded for the first time.},
	isbn = {1336-510X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14410062315 },
	author = {Jamriska, Jan and Meliskova, Maria}
}
@article {6813,
	title = {Habitat complexity modifies ant-parasitoid interactions: implications for community dynamics and the role of disturbance},
	journal = {Oecologia (Berlin)},
	volume = {152},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	month = {May},
	pages = {151-161},
	abstract = {Species must balance effective competition with avoidance of mortality imposed by predators or parasites to coexist within a local ecological community. Attributes of the habitat in which species interact, such as structural complexity, have the potential to affect how species balance competition and mortality by providing refuge from predators or parasites. Disturbance events such as fire can drastically alter habitat complexity and may be important modifiers of species interactions in communities. This study investigates whether the presence of habitat complexity in the form of leaf litter can alter interactions between the behaviorally dominant host ants Pheidole diversipilosa and Pheidole bicarinata, their respective specialist dipteran parasitoids (Phoridae: Apocephalus sp. 8 and Apocephalus sp. 25) and a single species of ant competitor (Dorymyrmex insanus). We used a factorial design to manipulate competition (presence/absence of competitors), mortality risk (presence/absence of parasitoids) and habitat complexity (presence/absence of leaf litter). Parasitoid presence reduced soldier caste foraging, but refuge from habitat complexity allowed increased soldier foraging in comparison to treatments in which no refuge was available. Variation in soldier foraging behavior correlated strongly with foraging success, a proxy for colony fitness. Habitat complexity allowed both host species to balance competitive success with mortality avoidance. The effect of fire on habitat complexity was also studied, and demonstrated that the immediate negative impact of fire on habitat complexity can persist for multiple years. Our findings indicate that habitat complexity can increase dominant host competitive success even in the presence of parasitoids, which may have consequences for coexistence of subordinate competitors and community diversity in general.},
	isbn = {0029-8549},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14309056867 },
	author = {Wilkinson, Elliot B. and Feener, Donald H. , Jr.}
}
@article {6814,
	title = {New species and new records of scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) associated with army ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Panama},
	journal = {Sociobiology},
	volume = {49},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {59-92},
	abstract = {Host records for a dozen species of Phoridae recorded with Ecitoninae are presented. These include Acanthophorides ecitophilus Disney n. sp., and the hitherto undescribed female of A. clavicercus. A new key to the species of this genus is provided. Apocephalus parvus Disney sp. n. and the hitherto unknown mate of A. securis are described. Diocophora longichaeta Disney sp. n. from Panama, and D. praedasicaria Disney sp.n. from Guatemala, Panama and Trinidad, are described. A female from Guatemala and a male from Panama are given code letters only until they can be linked to their missing sex. A revised key to the species of Diocophora is provided. Megaselia tetraseta Disney n. sp. and Megaselia sp., only known in the female sex, are described. The previously known species include several new host records.},
	isbn = {0361-6525},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14306037817 },
	author = {Henry, R. and Disney, L. and Berghoff, Stefanie M.}
}
@article {6815,
	title = {When trade-offs interact: balance of terror enforces dominance discovery trade-off in a local ant assemblage},
	journal = {Journal of Animal Ecology},
	volume = {76},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	month = {January},
	pages = {58-64},
	abstract = {1. Trade-offs underpin local species coexistence. Trade-offs between interference and exploitative competitive ability provie a mechanism for explaining species coexistence within guilds that exploit overlapping resources. 2. Omnivorous, leaf litter ants exploit a shared food base and occur in species-rich assemblages. In these assemblages, species that excel at usurping food items from other species are poor at finding food items first. In assemblages where some members are attacked by phorid fly parasitoids, host species face an additional trade-off between defending themselves against parasitic attack and maximizing their competitive abilities. Host species thus face two trade-offs that interact via the trait-mediated indirect interaction generated by phorid defence behaviour. 3. In this study we test for the existence of these trade-offs and evaluate the predictions of a model for how they interact in an assemblage of woodland ants in which two behaviourally dominant members are attacked by phorid fly parasitoids as they attempt to harvest food resources. 4. The major findings are that unparasitized species in the assemblage follow a dominance-discovery trade-off curve. When not subject to attack by phorid flies, host species violate that trade-off by finding resources too quickly for their level of behavioural dominance. In contrast, when attacked by their phorid parasitoids, the host species dominance drops such that they fall into the assemblage trade-off. 5. These results match the predictions of the balance of terror model, which derives the optimal host response to parasitism, indicating that the host species balance the competing fitness costs of reduced competitive dominance and loss of workers to parasitism. This result supports the view that understanding the structure of ecological communities requires incorporating the indirect effects created by trait plasticity.},
	isbn = {0021-8790},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14306037258 },
	author = {Lebrun, Edward G. and Feener, Donald H. , Jr.}
}
@article {6403,
	title = {First records of Megaselia scalaris (Loew) and M. spiracularis Schmitz (Diptera: Phoridae) from New Zealand, with additional information on other worldwide species},
	journal = {New Zealand Entomologist},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {85{\textendash}87},
	author = {Brown, B. V. and Oliver, H.}
}
@article {3600,
	title = {To the knowledge of Carnidae and Milichiidae, especially of central Germany},
	journal = {Studia Dipterologica},
	volume = {14},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Zur Kenntnis der Carnidae und Milichiidae, insbesondere in Mitteldeutschland.
},
	pages = {3-16},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {328 specimens of Milichiidae belonging to at least 10 species, and 639 specimens of Carnidae belonging also to at least 10 species were collected mainly in grassland biotopes in Central Germany. Eight different sampling methods were used. The dominant species were especially Desmometopa sordidum, Madiza glabra, Meoneura flavifacies, Meoneura vagans, and Meoneura neglecta. The species are characterized in the light of eco-faunistic investigations and also by the results of observations.
},
	keywords = {Carnidae, Carnidae, Milichiidae, including species accounts]., Land zones; Palaearctic region; Eurasia; Europe, Milichiidae (Cyclorrhapha).},
	isbn = {0945-3954},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14408045816 },
	author = {Baehrmann, Rudolf}
}
@article {3602,
	title = {Habitat-specific effects of a food supplementation experiment on immunocompetence in Eurasian magpie Pica pica nestlings},
	journal = {Ibis},
	volume = {149},
	number = {4},
	year = {2007},
	month = {October},
	pages = {763-773},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Parasite pressure and nutrition are two of the most important factors affecting the trade-off between nestling growth and immune development. During development, energy and nutrients are often limited, and nestlings should only dedicate differentially more valuable resources to their immune system when the associated benefits are high (i.e. in situations of an increased risk of parasitism). In this study, we manipulated nutritional condition of Eurasian Magpie Pica pica nestlings by providing a food supplement. Additionally, the study area was subdivided into two categories of habitat (irrigated and arid) based on the presence of irrigation canals. Nestling diet composition was more varied in the irrigated compared with in the arid habitat. In addition, nestlings of the irrigated habitat showed a significantly higher infestation of both ectoparasites and blood parasites and a significantly higher cell-mediated immunity, but lower tarsus length compared with nestlings of the arid habitat. Food supplementation to nestlings did not affect tarsus length, but increased nestling cell-mediated immunity in the arid habitat only. Based on the recent demonstrated trade-off between growth and immunocompetence in nestlings, we suggest that differences between habitats in nestling diet and parasite prevalence may have caused different priority rules in the allocation of resources between both fitness traits.
},
	isbn = {0019-1019},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14406036320 },
	author = {de Neve, L. and Juan J. Soler and Ruiz-Rodriguez, Magdalena and Martin-Galvez, David and Perez-Contreras, Tomas and Soler, Manuel}
}
@article {3519,
	title = {The phylogenetic relationships of flies in the superfamily Empidoidea (Insecta: Diptera)},
	journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {701-713},
	author = {Moulton, J. K. and Wiegmann, B. M.}
}
@article {2654,
	title = {Spots in starling Sturnus unicolor eggs are good indicators of ectoparasite load by Carnus hemapterus (Diptera : Carnidae)},
	journal = {Ardeola},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {131-134},
	keywords = {Carnidae, Carnus, Carnus hemapterus},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://WOS:000251201500013 },
	author = {Lopez-Rull, I. and Gil, M. and Gil, D.}
}
@article {2655,
	title = {A new species of Leptometopa Becker, 1903 (Diptera, Milichiidae) and an identification key for the Neotropical species of the genus},
	journal = {Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (Sao Paulo)},
	volume = {47},
	number = {27},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {369-373},
	abstract = {The Milichiidae family includes species of small acalyptratae flies distributed into 19 genera, over all biogeographic regions. The genus Leptometopa Becker, 1903, positioned among the Madizinae, is distributed worldwide. The genus is composed of 19 species, of which three are recorded for the Neotropical region: L. halteralis (Coquillett, 1900), L. latipes (Meigen, 1830) and L. niveipennis (Strobl, 1898). Studying material collected in a cave of Amazonas State, Brazil, the authors found a new species of Leptometopa which is described and illustrated herein. The new species L. veracildae n. sp. represents the first record of the genus in South America. An identification key for all Neotropical species is also presented.
},
	keywords = {Brazil, key, Leptometopa, Milichiidae, Neotropis, species description, veracildae},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14404024704 },
	author = {de Mello, R. L. and Rodrigues, Paula Fernanda Motta and Einicker Lamas, Carlos Jose}
}
@article {1171,
	title = {Madiza nitens (Melander, 1913), new combination (Diptera: Milichiidae)},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington},
	volume = {109},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007.10.05},
	pages = {798-800},
	type = {article},
	keywords = {Madiza, Milichiidae, new combination, nitens},
	author = {Brake, I.}
}
@article {1175,
	title = {Revision of the genus Australimyza Harrison (Diptera: Australimyzidae)},
	journal = {Systematic Entomology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {252-275},
	abstract = {The species of Australimyza Harrison are revised and the saprophagous larvae are described for the first time. The phylogenetic analysis revealed two species groups and one ungrouped species. One species group is distributed in New Zealand and associated subantarctic islands; all other species occur in Australia. Four new species, A. glandulifera, A. kaikoura, A. mcalpinei and A. victoria, are described, A. anisotomae is synonymized with A. australensis and a neotype is designated for the latter species. A lectotype is designated for A. macquariensis.
},
	keywords = {Australia, Australimyza  victoria, Australimyza australensis, Australimyza glandulifera, Australimyza longiseta, Australimyza macquariensis, Australimyza mcalpinei, Australimyza salicorniae, Australimyza setigera, Australimyzidae, New Zealand},
	author = {Brake, I. and Mathis, W.}
}
@article {1203,
	title = {Enigmocarnus chloropiformis gen. et sp. nov., and parallel evolution of protandrial symmetry in Carnidae (Diptera)},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {100},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	month = {January},
	pages = {9-18},
	abstract = {Enigmocarnus chloropiformis Buck gen. et sp. nov. is described on the basis of a single male from east central Texas. The phylogeny of Carnidae is analyzed based on a matrix of 25 morphological characters, and a key to the World genera of Carnidae is presented. The new genus is characterized by a reduced head chaetotaxy (bristles short and mostly pale), notable gray pruinosity of the body, and a unique configuration of pregenital sclerites (the protandrium), which precludes placement of this species in any previously described genus of Carnidae. Enigmocarnus possesses a nearly symmetrical protandrium like Carnus and Meoneura, but the position of sternite 7 indicates that symmetry evolved independently and on a different path. The protandrial peculiarities exhibited by Enigmocarnus are discussed in the framework of Carnoidea relationships.
},
	keywords = {Carnidae, Carnus, chloropiformis, Enigmocarnus, genus description, male terminalia, Meoneura, morphology, phylogenetic systematic, species description, Texas, United States},
	isbn = {0013-8746},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14303019722 },
	author = {Buck, M. and Marshall, Stephen A.}
}
@article {1541,
	title = {Ektoparasitter p{\r a} skarvunger i Danmark med f{\o}rste fund af fluen <em>Carnus hemapterus</em> (Carnidae, Diptera) [Ectoparasites on cormorant chicks in Denmark with first finding of the carnid fly <em>Carnus hemapterus</em> (Carnidae; Diptera)]},
	journal = {Flora og Fauna},
	volume = {113},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Ektoparasitter pa skarvunger i Danmark med forste fund af fluen Carnus hemapterus (Carnidae, Diptera).
},
	month = {Juli},
	pages = {31-35},
	abstract = {During the period May 8 - June 14. 2003, a total of 591 cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) chicks from eight different Danish colony sites were searched for ectoparasites. recording ectoparasite species and numbers along with nest position, brood size. individual chick condition and an estimate of chick age based on wing length. The parasites most frequently found were two species of chewing lice (Pectinopygus gyricornis and Eidmanniella pellucida), followed by the carnid fly Carnus hemapterus and a few Ixodes ticks. Chewing lice occurred on 76.3\% of the chicks and were more common on older than younger chicks, whereas C. hemapterus most frequently occurred on younger chicks with no or sparse growth of down and feathers. C. hemapterus was found in two of the eight colonies and although it appears to he widespread, it is still uncovered in many areas and little is known about its ecology and dispersive behavio
},
	keywords = {Carnidae, Carnus, Carnus hemapterus, Denmark},
	isbn = {0015-3818},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14401003091 },
	author = {Hansen, Helle Juul}
}
@article {1930,
	title = {Ecological factors influencing disease risk in eagle owls Bubo bubo},
	journal = {Ibis},
	volume = {149},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {April},
	pages = {386-395},
	abstract = {In this study we assessed whether local habitat features and host population density influenced disease risk in Eagle Owl Bubo bubo fledglings. Measures of immune defence (concentrations of circulating white blood cells), prevalence of three parasite types (a blood parasite Leucocytozoon ziemanni, an insect Carnus haemapterus, and a tick Rhipicephalus sp.) and total number of parasite species were used to quantify disease risk. We tested the hypotheses that disease risk in fledglings was higher in nests located in areas with higher length of and proximity to watercourses (as a higher abundance and viability of parasites and vectors occur in wetter areas), higher cover of forest (as forest moistness and humidity can favour higher vector and parasite proliferation), higher habitat diversity (as environmental heterogeneity increases the pool of potential vectors and parasites) and higher local owl population density (as disease transmission might be density-dependent). The clearest relationship was with the proximity of freshwater, although the other hypotheses were also partially supported. Concentrations of white blood cells, the number of parasite species and, weakly, the prevalence of Carnus haemapterus were all higher in nests closer to watercourses. The prevalence of blood parasites increased with the cover of forested areas. Fledglings from nests located in more diverse habitats had higher white blood cell concentrations and showed higher prevalence of blood parasites. Finally, local host population density was positively correlated with the prevalence of blood parasites. The results suggest the existence of complex and interrelated links between ecological parameters and three different measures of disease risk, and highlight the importance of immunological approaches to assess disease risk at an intraspecific level.
},
	keywords = {Carnidae, Carnus, Carnus hemapterus},
	isbn = {0019-1019},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14307044821 },
	author = {Ortego, Joaquon and Espada, Francisco}
}
@article {1980,
	title = {A study of the cow pat Diptera on the Hortob{\'a}gy, Hungary},
	journal = {Folia entomologica hungarica},
	volume = {68},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {123-135},
	chapter = {123},
	keywords = {Carnidae, coprophagous, Desmometopa, Hungary, latipes, Leptometopa, Meoneura, Meoneura flavifacies, Meoneura freta, Milichiidae, varipalpis},
	author = {Papp, L.}
}
@article {2060,
	title = {Origin-related, environmental, sex, and age determinants of immunocompetence, susceptibility to ectoparasites, and disease symptoms in the barn owl},
	journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
	volume = {90},
	number = {4},
	year = {2007},
	month = {April},
	pages = {703-718},
	abstract = {Knowledge of the role of origin-related, environmental, sex, and age factors on host defence mechanisms is important to understand variation in parasite intensity. Because alternative components of parasite defence may be differently sensitive to various factors, they may not necessarily covary. Many components should therefore be considered to tackle the evolution of host-parasite interactions. In a population of barn owls (Tyto alba), we investigated the role of origin-related, environmental (i.e. year, season, nest of rearing, and body condition), sex, and age factors on 12 traits linked to immune responses (humoral immune responses towards sheep red blood cells (SRBC), human serum albumin (HSA) and toxoid toxin TT, T-cell mediated immune response towards the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA)), susceptibility to ectoparasites (number and fecundity of Carnus haemapterus, number of Ixodes ricinus), and disease symptoms (size of the bursa of Fabricius and spleen, proportion of proteins that are immunoglobulins, haematocrit and blood concentration in leucocytes). Cross-fostering experiments allowed us to detect a heritable component of variation in only four out of nine immune and parasitic parameters (i.e. SRBC- and HSA-responses, haematocrit, and number of C. haemapterus). However, because nestlings were not always cross-fostered just after hatching, the finding that 44\% of the immune and parasitic parameters were heritable is probably an overestimation. These experiments also showed that five out of these nine parameters were sensitive to the nest environment (i.e. SRBC- and PHA-responses, number of C. haemapterus, haematocrit and blood concentration in leucocytes). Female nestlings were more infested by the blood-sucking fly C. haemapterus than their male nestmates, and their blood was less concentrated in leucocytes. The effect of year, season, age (i.e. reflecting the degree of maturation of the immune system), brood size, position in the within-brood age hierarchy, and body mass strongly differed between the 12 parameters. Different components of host defence mechanisms are therefore not equally heritable and sensitive to environmental, sex, and age factors, potentially explaining why most of these components did not covary.
},
	keywords = {Carnidae, Carnus, Carnus hemapterus},
	isbn = {0024-4066},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14402011278 },
	author = {Roulin, A. and Christe, Philippe and Dijkstra, Cor and Ducrest, Anne-Lyse and Jungi, Thomas W.}
}
