TY - JOUR T1 - Possible functions of alternative nests in raptors: the case of Bonelli's Eagle JF - Journal of Ornithology Y1 - 2008 DO - 10.1007/s10336-007-0268-4 A1 - Ontiveros, D. A1 - Caro, J. A1 - Pleguezuelos, J. M. SP - 253 EP - 259 KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus AB - Four non-exclusive hypotheses have been proposed to explain the alternative nest-building behaviour of raptors: (1) nests as an advertising signal in territories, (2) frustration nests, (3) competition avoidance by nest-site and (4) reduction of nest ectoparasites. We report here data collected during an observational study of a population of Bonelli's Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus in southeastern Spain. Our data does not support the first two hypotheses based on the closeness of nests within territories, the lack of correlation between the number of nests and the distance to neighbours and the construction of secondary nests at similar frequencies after breeding failures as after successes. In contrast, the construction of alternative nests to avoid competition with other cliff-nesting raptor species breeding nearby was clearly important since 30% of the pairs obtained some direct benefit from the existence of alternative nests within their territories. We also found abundant Coleoptera (Dermestidae) and Diptera (Carnidae, Calliphoridae and Phoridae) as ectoparasites in nests, and the alternative use of nests, synergetically with the presence of greenery as mechanisms for avoiding ectoparasites, was an important factor for the breeding success of the eagle. Our data suggest that competition avoidance and, in particular, the reduction of nest ectoparasite hypotheses are the more plausible explanations for the maintenance of alternative nests in raptors. VL - 149 UR - ://WOS:000254237400014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spots in starling Sturnus unicolor eggs are good indicators of ectoparasite load by Carnus hemapterus (Diptera : Carnidae) JF - Ardeola Y1 - 2007 A1 - Lopez-Rull, I. A1 - Gil, M. A1 - Gil, D. SP - 131 EP - 134 KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus VL - 54 UR - ://WOS:000251201500013 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Family Carnidae T2 - Checklist of the Diptera of the Netherlands Y1 - 2002 A1 - Beuk, P. L. T. SP - 278 KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - catalog KW - lacteipennis KW - Meoneura KW - Meoneura flavifacies KW - Meoneura vagans KW - Netherlands KW - obscurella JF - Checklist of the Diptera of the Netherlands PB - KNNV Uitgeverij CY - Utrecht ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Carnidae T2 - Checkliste der Dipteren Deutschlands Y1 - 1999 A1 - Brake, I. ED - Schumann, H. ED - Bährmann, R. ED - Stark, A. SP - 138 KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - catalog KW - Germany KW - lacteipennis KW - lamellata KW - Meoneura KW - Meoneura bicuspidata KW - Meoneura flavifacies KW - Meoneura freta KW - Meoneura neottiophila KW - Meoneura triangularis KW - Meoneura vagans KW - neglecta KW - obscurella JF - Checkliste der Dipteren Deutschlands T3 - Studia dipterologica, Supplement UR - http://diptera.myspecies.info/sites/diptera.myspecies.info/files/Brake_1999_138_Carnidae.pdf N1 - book section U1 - ib ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Carnidae T2 - A preliminary list of the Diptera of Denmark Y1 - 2001 A1 - Chandler, P. J. A1 - Petersen, F. T. A1 - Papp, L. ED - Petersen, F. T. ED - Meier, R. SP - 188 EP - 189 KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - Denmark KW - lacteipennis KW - lamellata KW - Meoneura KW - Meoneura exigua KW - Meoneura flavifacies KW - Meoneura freta KW - Meoneura neottiophila KW - Meoneura prima KW - Meoneura triangularis KW - Meoneura vagans KW - minutissima KW - neglecta KW - obscurella JF - A preliminary list of the Diptera of Denmark T3 - Steenstrupia UR - http://diptera.myspecies.info/sites/diptera.myspecies.info/files/Chandler%20et%20al_2001_188_Carnidae.pdf N1 - article ER - TY - ICOMM T1 - Diptera: Carnidae present in the Entomological Museum of Lund University Y1 - 2011 A1 - Danielsson, R. KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - Finland KW - island KW - lacteipennis KW - lamellata KW - Meoneura KW - Meoneura flavifacies KW - Meoneura neottiophila KW - museum KW - neglecta KW - Norway KW - obscurella KW - Sweden UR - http://130.235.149.99/pdf/Carnidae.pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nestbox provisioning in a rural population of Eurasian Kestrels: breeding performance, nest predation and parasitism JF - Bird Study Y1 - 2001 A1 - Fargallo, J. A. A1 - Blanco, G. A1 - Potti, J. A1 - Vinuela, J. SP - 236 EP - 244 KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - Spain AB - Carnus hemapterus on Falco tinnunculus in Spain VL - 48 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ektoparasitter på skarvunger i Danmark med første fund af fluen Carnus hemapterus (Carnidae, Diptera) [Ectoparasites on cormorant chicks in Denmark with first finding of the carnid fly Carnus hemapterus (Carnidae; Diptera)] JF - Flora og Fauna Y1 - 2007 A1 - Hansen, Helle Juul SP - 31 EP - 35 KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - Denmark AB - During the period May 8 - June 14. 2003, a total of 591 cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) chicks from eight different Danish colony sites were searched for ectoparasites. recording ectoparasite species and numbers along with nest position, brood size. individual chick condition and an estimate of chick age based on wing length. The parasites most frequently found were two species of chewing lice (Pectinopygus gyricornis and Eidmanniella pellucida), followed by the carnid fly Carnus hemapterus and a few Ixodes ticks. Chewing lice occurred on 76.3% of the chicks and were more common on older than younger chicks, whereas C. hemapterus most frequently occurred on younger chicks with no or sparse growth of down and feathers. C. hemapterus was found in two of the eight colonies and although it appears to he widespread, it is still uncovered in many areas and little is known about its ecology and dispersive behavio VL - 113 SN - 0015-3818 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14401003091 N1 - Ektoparasitter pa skarvunger i Danmark med forste fund af fluen Carnus hemapterus (Carnidae, Diptera). ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parasitisierung nestjunger Turmfalken Falco t. tinnunculus durch die Gefiederfliege Carnus hemapterus (Insecta: Milichiidae, Diptera) JF - Die Vogelwelt Y1 - 2003 A1 - Heddergott, M. SP - 201 EP - 205 KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus VL - 124 U1 - ib ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Ergänzung zur Checkliste der Diptera Acalyptratae Thüringens: Carnidae T2 - Check-Listen Thüringer Insekten und Spinnentiere Y1 - 2005 A1 - Heddergott, M. SP - 77 EP - 78 KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - Germany JF - Check-Listen Thüringer Insekten und Spinnentiere PB - Thüringer Entomologenverband CY - Jena VL - 13 U1 - ib ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carnus hemapterus Nitzsch (Diptera, Carnidae) found from the external auditory meatus of human, new to Japan JF - Medical entomology and zoology Y1 - 2000 A1 - Iwasa, M. SP - 265 EP - 268 KW - biology KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - images KW - Japan KW - species description VL - 51 UR - http://diptera.myspecies.info/sites/diptera.myspecies.info/files/Iwasa%20M_2000.pdf U1 - ib ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carnus hemapterus (Diptera, Carnidae) and its occurence [occurrence] in Slovakia JF - Entomofauna Carpathica Y1 - 2005 A1 - Janošková V A1 - Jamriska, Jan A1 - Orszaghova, Zlatica SP - 84 EP - 85 KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - Slovak Republic AB - The paper deals with an occurrence and identification of the fly Carpus hemapterus (Diptera, Carnidae), recorded in nests of Sturnus vulgaris. The adults were collected from two sites situated in western Slovakia. Males were identified according to the ratio between width and length of the surstylus and paramere, females according to the shape of the sixth abdominal sternum. VL - 17 SN - 1335-1214 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14303016287 U1 - ib ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flies (Diptera) inhabiting bird nests in the "Forest on the Vorskla River" nature reserve (Belgorod Province) JF - Éntomologicheskoe obozrenie Y1 - 2001 A1 - Krivokhatskii, V. A. A1 - Nartshuk, E. P. SP - 383 EP - 397 KW - birds nests KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - equitans KW - glabra KW - latipes KW - Leptometopa KW - Madiza KW - Milichiidae KW - Phyllomyza KW - Russia VL - 80 UR - http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Krivokhatskii%20&%20Nartshuk_2001.pdf U1 - ib ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ectoparasite Carnus hemapterus influences the mass growth rate of nestlings of European Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) JF - Buteo, Supplement Y1 - 1999 A1 - Lacinia, D. SP - 29 KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus VL - 1999 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of Carnus hemapterus in a starling colony JF - Canadian Journal of Zoology Y1 - 2001 A1 - Liker, A. A1 - Márkus, M. A1 - Vozár, Á A1 - Zemankovics, E. SP - 574 EP - 580 KW - biology KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - Hungary VL - 79 UR - http://diptera.myspecies.info/sites/diptera.myspecies.info/files/Liker%20et%20al_2001.pdf U1 - ib ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative importance of factors affecting nestling immune response differs between junior and senior nestlings within broods of hoopoes Upupa epops JF - Journal of Avian Biology Y1 - 2006 A1 - Martin-Vivaldi, Manuel A1 - Ruiz-Rodriguez, Magdalena A1 - Mendez, Maria A1 - Juan J. Soler SP - 467 EP - 476 KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - Spain AB - Animals should invest in the immune system to protect themselves from parasites, but the cost of immune responses may limit investment depending on resource availability. In birds' broods, senior and junior chicks in size hierarchies face different rearing conditions, and thus we predicted that factors affecting immune response should differ between them. In asynchronously hatched hoopoe Upupa epops broods, we found that the immune response of senior nestlings was not related to their body condition, but positively related to risk of parasitism (which was indirectly estimated by laying date). This suggests that their immunocompetence is not limited by access to resources, and they can differentially invest in immune response with increasing risk of parasitism. On the other hand, immune response of junior nestlings was related to their body condition, but secondarily also to risk of parasitism. Our results agree with previous studies that have found significant influence of nutritional status and risk of parasitism on nestlings immune defence, but show that the effects of these environmental factors on nestling immunocompetence differ between nestlings occupying high and low rank positions in size hierarchies. The possible influence of maternal effects on the results found is also discussed. VL - 37 SN - 0908-8857 U1 - ib ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ecological factors influencing disease risk in eagle owls Bubo bubo JF - Ibis Y1 - 2007 A1 - Ortego, Joaquon A1 - Espada, Francisco SP - 386 EP - 395 KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus AB - In this study we assessed whether local habitat features and host population density influenced disease risk in Eagle Owl Bubo bubo fledglings. Measures of immune defence (concentrations of circulating white blood cells), prevalence of three parasite types (a blood parasite Leucocytozoon ziemanni, an insect Carnus haemapterus, and a tick Rhipicephalus sp.) and total number of parasite species were used to quantify disease risk. We tested the hypotheses that disease risk in fledglings was higher in nests located in areas with higher length of and proximity to watercourses (as a higher abundance and viability of parasites and vectors occur in wetter areas), higher cover of forest (as forest moistness and humidity can favour higher vector and parasite proliferation), higher habitat diversity (as environmental heterogeneity increases the pool of potential vectors and parasites) and higher local owl population density (as disease transmission might be density-dependent). The clearest relationship was with the proximity of freshwater, although the other hypotheses were also partially supported. Concentrations of white blood cells, the number of parasite species and, weakly, the prevalence of Carnus haemapterus were all higher in nests closer to watercourses. The prevalence of blood parasites increased with the cover of forested areas. Fledglings from nests located in more diverse habitats had higher white blood cell concentrations and showed higher prevalence of blood parasites. Finally, local host population density was positively correlated with the prevalence of blood parasites. The results suggest the existence of complex and interrelated links between ecological parameters and three different measures of disease risk, and highlight the importance of immunological approaches to assess disease risk at an intraspecific level. VL - 149 SN - 0019-1019 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14307044821 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carnus hemapterus Nitzsch, 1818 (Diptera: Carnidae) parasite on Merops apiaster L. (Aves: Meropidae) in southern Romania JF - Travaux du Muséum d'histoire naturelle 'Gr. Antipa' Y1 - 2000 A1 - Petrescu, A. A1 - Adam, C. SP - 221 EP - 224 KW - birds nests KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - Romania AB - Carnus hemapterus on Merops apiaster in Romania VL - 42 UR - http://diptera.myspecies.info/sites/diptera.myspecies.info/files/Petrescu%20&%20Adam_2000.pdf U1 - ib ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interspecific relations in the populations of Merops apiaster L. (Aves: Coraciiformes) of southern Romania JF - Travaux du Muséum d'histoire naturelle 'Gr. Antipa' Y1 - 2001 A1 - Petrescu, A. A1 - Adam, C. SP - 305 EP - 322 KW - birds nests KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - Romania VL - 43 UR - http://diptera.myspecies.info/sites/diptera.myspecies.info/files/Petrescu%20&%20Adam_2001.pdf U1 - ib ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cycle de reproduction et abondance du diptère parasite Carnus hemapterus dans les nichée de Chouettes effraies Tyto alba JF - Alauda. Études et notes ornithologiques Y1 - 1998 A1 - Roulin, A. SP - 265 EP - 272 KW - biology KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - Switzerland VL - 66 UR - http://diptera.myspecies.info/sites/diptera.myspecies.info/files/Roulin%20A_1998.pdf U1 - ib ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fécondité de la mouche Carnus hemapterus, ectoparasite des jeunes Chouettes effraies Tyto alba JF - Alauda. Études et notes ornithologiques Y1 - 1999 A1 - Roulin, A. SP - 205 EP - 212 KW - biology KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - Switzerland VL - 67 UR - http://diptera.myspecies.info/sites/diptera.myspecies.info/files/Roulin%20A_1999.pdf U1 - ib ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Which chick is tasty to parasites? The importance of host immunology vs. parasite life history JF - Journal of Animal Ecology Y1 - 2003 A1 - Roulin, A. A1 - Brinkhof, M. W. G. A1 - Bize, P. A1 - Richner, H. A1 - Jungi, T. W. A1 - Bavoux, C. A1 - Boileau, N. A1 - Burneleau, G. SP - 75 EP - 81 KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - Switzerland VL - 72 N1 - Carnus hemapterus (3 diff. spellings) on Tyto alba and Falco tinnunculus in Switzerland U1 - ib ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Origin-related, environmental, sex, and age determinants of immunocompetence, susceptibility to ectoparasites, and disease symptoms in the barn owl JF - Biological Journal of the Linnean Society Y1 - 2007 A1 - Roulin, A. A1 - Christe, Philippe A1 - Dijkstra, Cor A1 - Ducrest, Anne-Lyse A1 - Jungi, Thomas W. SP - 703 EP - 718 KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus AB - Knowledge of the role of origin-related, environmental, sex, and age factors on host defence mechanisms is important to understand variation in parasite intensity. Because alternative components of parasite defence may be differently sensitive to various factors, they may not necessarily covary. Many components should therefore be considered to tackle the evolution of host-parasite interactions. In a population of barn owls (Tyto alba), we investigated the role of origin-related, environmental (i.e. year, season, nest of rearing, and body condition), sex, and age factors on 12 traits linked to immune responses (humoral immune responses towards sheep red blood cells (SRBC), human serum albumin (HSA) and toxoid toxin TT, T-cell mediated immune response towards the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA)), susceptibility to ectoparasites (number and fecundity of Carnus haemapterus, number of Ixodes ricinus), and disease symptoms (size of the bursa of Fabricius and spleen, proportion of proteins that are immunoglobulins, haematocrit and blood concentration in leucocytes). Cross-fostering experiments allowed us to detect a heritable component of variation in only four out of nine immune and parasitic parameters (i.e. SRBC- and HSA-responses, haematocrit, and number of C. haemapterus). However, because nestlings were not always cross-fostered just after hatching, the finding that 44% of the immune and parasitic parameters were heritable is probably an overestimation. These experiments also showed that five out of these nine parameters were sensitive to the nest environment (i.e. SRBC- and PHA-responses, number of C. haemapterus, haematocrit and blood concentration in leucocytes). Female nestlings were more infested by the blood-sucking fly C. haemapterus than their male nestmates, and their blood was less concentrated in leucocytes. The effect of year, season, age (i.e. reflecting the degree of maturation of the immune system), brood size, position in the within-brood age hierarchy, and body mass strongly differed between the 12 parameters. Different components of host defence mechanisms are therefore not equally heritable and sensitive to environmental, sex, and age factors, potentially explaining why most of these components did not covary. VL - 90 SN - 0024-4066 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14402011278 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Female plumage spottiness signals parasite resistance in the barn owl (Tyto alba) JF - Behavioral Ecology Y1 - 2001 A1 - Roulin, A. A1 - Riols, C. A1 - Dijkstra, C. A1 - Ducrest, A. L. SP - 103 EP - 110 KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - Switzerland VL - 12 U1 - ib ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prolonged diapause in the ectoparasite Carnus hemapterus (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha, Acalyptratae) - how frequent is it in parasites JF - Parasitology Y1 - 2006 A1 - Valera, F. A1 - Casas-Criville, A. A1 - Calero-Torralbo, M. A. SP - 179 EP - 186 KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - Spain AB - Prolonged diapause is usually interpreted as an adaptation to unpredictable environmental conditions and resource availability. Many parasites usually face highly unpredictable environments, therefore prolonged diapause should be common among these organisms. Here we examine the occurrence and frequency of prolonged diapause in the ectoparasite Carnus hemapterus (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha, Acalyptratae). We found that the studied population is polymorphic with respect to diapause duration. Emergence of carnid flies after 2 and 3 wintering seasons was therefore detected in around 17% and 21% of the samples respectively. The number of flies with prolonged diapause ranked 0.88-50% with respect to the number of flies emerging during the first spring. Both the occurrence of prolonged diapause and the number of flies with a long life-cycle are related to the number of flies emerging during the first spring. The emergence pattern of flies with prolonged diapause was very similar to that observed for flies with a short cycle and occurred in synchrony with the occurrence of hosts. Prolonged diapause has been frequently reported in plant-feeding insects and in some host-parasitoid systems, but this is, to our knowledge, the second report ever on prolonged diapause in true parasites of animals. We discuss the reasons for the apparent rarity of prolonged diapause among these organisms. VL - 133 SN - 0031-1820 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14211069128 U1 - ib ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interspecific parasite exchange in a mixed colony of birds JF - Journal of Parasitology Y1 - 2003 A1 - Valera, F. A1 - Casas-Criville, A. A1 - Hoi, H. SP - 245 EP - 250 KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus VL - 89 N1 - Carnus hemapterus on Merops apiaster and Petronia petronia U1 - ib ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Life-history variation in three coexisting species of carnid flies (Diptera: Carnidae), Carnus hemapterus, Hemeromyia anthracina and Hemeromyia longirostris JF - European Journal of Entomology Y1 - 2006 A1 - Valera, F. A1 - Martín-Vivaldi, M. A1 - Carles-Tolrá, M. SP - 347 EP - 353 KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - Hemeromyia KW - Hemeromyia anthracina KW - Hemeromyia longirostris KW - Spain VL - 103 U1 - ib ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlates of cell-mediated immunity in nestling house sparrows JF - Oecologia Y1 - 2004 A1 - Westneat, D. F. A1 - Weiskittle, J. A1 - Edenfield, R. A1 - Kinnard, T. B. A1 - Poston, J. P. SP - 17 EP - 23 KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus VL - 141 U1 - ib ER -