TY - JOUR T1 - Nest excavation does not reduce harmful effects of ectoparasitism: an experiment with a woodpecker, the northern flicker Colaptes auratus JF - Journal of Avian Biology Y1 - 2009 A1 - Wiebe, Karen L. SP - 166 EP - 172 KW - British Columbia KW - Canada KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - on Colaptes auratus AB - It has been hypothesized that it is adaptive for birds to build new nests annually in order to avoid the accumulation of ectoparasites. Previous studies on costs of ectoparasitism have focused on cavity nesters in nestboxes while largely ignoring reproductive consequences in natural tree cavity nests, the context where nest selection strategies presumably evolved. To see whether ectoparasitism could be a driving selective force in the evolution of nest excavation in a woodpecker, I experimentally fumigated a subset of freshly excavated cavities and a subset of reused cavities of the northern flicker Colaptes auratus and compared reproductive performance with a set of control nests. The main ectoparasite of nestlings, a blood-sucking fly Carnus hemapterus, may have appeared one or two days earlier in reused nests but there was no difference between fresh and reused nests in intensities of flies one week post-hatching. Prevalence of parasitism reached 100% in both reused and freshly-excavated control nests in the second week. Nestlings from control nests had lower body mass residuals than those from fumigated nests after 15 d and fledged at a lower weight, suggesting that ectoparasitism by C. hemapterus was costly. However, fresh nest construction was no benefit, likely because the high dispersal ability of the ectoparasite meant all nests were colonized rapidly. Parents did not adjust provisioning effort according to parasitism as delivery rates did not differ between control and fumigated nests but delivery rates increased with brood size. VL - 40 SN - 0908-8857 UR - ://ZOOREC:ZOOR14508048374 U1 - 7749ib, pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infestations of Carnus hemapterus Nitzsch (Diptera: Carnidae) in Northern Saw-whet Owl nests JF - The Murrelet Y1 - 1986 A1 - Cannings, R. J. SP - 83 EP - 84 KW - Canada KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - hosts KW - Nearctis VL - 67 UR - http://diptera.myspecies.info/sites/diptera.myspecies.info/files/Canning%20RJ_1986_83_Saw-Whet-Owl.pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Carnus hemapterus an avian nest parasite new to British Columbia JF - Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia Y1 - 1986 A1 - Cannings, R. J. SP - 38 KW - Canada KW - Carnidae KW - Carnus KW - Carnus hemapterus KW - distribution KW - Nearctis VL - 83 UR - http://diptera.myspecies.info/sites/diptera.myspecies.info/files/Canning%20RJ_1986_BritishColumbia.pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new species of Mallochiella (Diptera: Milichiidae) JF - Canadian Entomologist Y1 - 1927 A1 - Curran, C. H. SP - 49 EP - 50 KW - Canada KW - halteralis KW - latipes KW - Leptometopa KW - mallochi KW - Milichiidae KW - Nearctis KW - Ontario KW - orillia KW - species description VL - 59 UR - http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Curran_1927.pdf ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Some additions to the Dipteran fauna of New England JF - Psyche, a journal of Entomology Y1 - 1910 A1 - Johnson, C. W. SP - 228 EP - 235 KW - Canada KW - Eusiphona KW - Milichiidae KW - mira KW - Nearctis KW - New England VL - Dec. 1910 UR - http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Johnson%20CW_1910_228_N%20England.pdf U1 - ib ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A preliminary list of the insects of the province of Quebec - Part II, Diptera (two-winged flies). Revised and supplemented JF - Report of the Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants Y1 - 1932 A1 - Winn, A. F. A1 - Beaulieu, G. SP - 100pp KW - Canada KW - Desmometopa KW - glabra KW - halteralis KW - indecora KW - latipes KW - Leptometopa KW - m-nigrum KW - Madiza KW - Milichiidae KW - Nearctic KW - Pholeomyia KW - sordida KW - tarsalis VL - 24(Supplem UR - http://milichiidae.info/sites/milichiidae.info/files/Winn%20&%20Beaulieu_1932.pdf U1 - ib ER -