A. M.  Hutson, ?Association with other animals and micro-organisms. Associations with vertebrates, their nests, roosts and burrows?, in A Dipterist's handbook, A. E.  Stubbs and Chandler, P. J., Eds. 1978, pp. 143-151.

C.  O'Toole, ?Ants, bees and wasps (aculeate Hymenoptera)?, A Dipterist's handbook, pp. 157-162, 1978.