L.  Czerny, ?55. Tethinidae?, in Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, vol. 6, 1928, pp. 1-7.

F.  Hendel, ?Zweiflügler oder Diptera. II. Allgemeiner Teil?, in Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, vol. 11, F.  Dahl, Ed. 1928, pp. 1-135.

O. A.  Johannsen, ?Order Diptera?, in List of the insects of New York with a list of the spiders and certain other allied groups, M. D.  Leonard, Ed. 1928, pp. 687-869.