P. J.  Chandler and Shatalkin, A. I., ?3.3. Family Platypezidae?, in Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera, Vol 3: Higher Brachycera, L.  Papp and Darvas, B., Eds. Budapest: Science Herald, 1998, pp. 27-49.

P. J.  Chandler, ?3.2. Family Opetiidae?, in Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera, Vol 3: Higher Brachycera, L.  Papp and Darvas, B., Eds. Budapest: Science Herald, 1998, pp. 17-25.

E. L.  Kessel, ?Chapter 50. Platypezidae?, in Manual of Nearctic Diptera, vol. 2, J. F.  McAlpine, Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R., and Wood, D. M., Eds. Ottawa: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1987, pp. 681-688.