A.  Freidberg, ?A study of Zaleinae, a taxon transitional between Canacidae and Tethinidae (Diptera), with the description of a new genus and species?, Entomologica scandinavica, vol. 26, pp. 447-457, 1995.

O.  Karl, ?XI,e2: Thalassobionte und thalassophile Diptera Brachycera?, in Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, vol. 19(2), G.  Grimpe and Wagler, E., Eds. Leipzig: , 1930, pp. 33-84, 93 figs., 7 tables.

A. H.  Kirk-Spriggs, Ismay, J. W., Ackland, M., Rohacek, J., Mathis, W. N., Foster, G. A., Pape, T., Cranston, P., and Meier, R., ?Inter-tidal Diptera of southwestern Africa (Chironomidae, Canacidae, Chloropidae, Milichiidae, Tethinidae, Ephydridae, Sphaeroceridae, Coelopidae, Sarcophagidae and Anthomyiidae)?, Cimbebasia, vol. 17, pp. 85-135, 2001.

D. K.  McAlpine, ?A new genus of australian littoral flies (Diptera: ?Canacidae)?, Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, vol. 10, pp. 108-117, 1982.

K.  Rohlfien and Ewald, B., ?Katalog der in den Sammlungen des ehemaligen Deutschen Entomologischen Institutes aufbewahrten Typen - VIII?, Beiträge zur Entomologie, vol. 22, pp. 407-469, 1970.