C. W.  Sabrosky, ?Chapter 80. Carnidae?, in Manual of Nearctic Diptera, vol. 2, J. F.  McAlpine, Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R., and Wood, D. M., Eds. Ottawa: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1987, pp. 909-912.

F.  Gregor, ?Carnidae?, in Enumeratio insectorum Bohemoslovakiae - Check list of Czechoslovak insects II (Diptera)., J.  Jezek, Ed. 1987, p. 261.