02094nas a2200205   4500008004500000020001400045245012500059210006900184260001200253300001200265490000800277520142500285100001601710700002001726700003001746700002501776700002701801700001801828856004201846       2007                        Engldsh    a0019-101900aHabitat-specific effects of a food supplementation experiment on immunocompetence in Eurasian magpie Pica pica nestlings0 aHabitatspecific effects of a food supplementation experiment on   cOctober  a763-7730 v1493 aParasite pressure and nutrition are two of the most important factors affecting the trade-off between nestling growth and immune development. During development, energy and nutrients are often limited, and nestlings should only dedicate differentially more valuable resources to their immune system when the associated benefits are high (i.e. in situations of an increased risk of parasitism). In this study, we manipulated nutritional condition of Eurasian Magpie Pica pica nestlings by providing a food supplement. Additionally, the study area was subdivided into two categories of habitat (irrigated and arid) based on the presence of irrigation canals. Nestling diet composition was more varied in the irrigated compared with in the arid habitat. In addition, nestlings of the irrigated habitat showed a significantly higher infestation of both ectoparasites and blood parasites and a significantly higher cell-mediated immunity, but lower tarsus length compared with nestlings of the arid habitat. Food supplementation to nestlings did not affect tarsus length, but increased nestling cell-mediated immunity in the arid habitat only. Based on the recent demonstrated trade-off between growth and immunocompetence in nestlings, we suggest that differences between habitats in nestling diet and parasite prevalence may have caused different priority rules in the allocation of resources between both fitness traits.
1 ade Neve, L.1 aSoler, Juan, J.1 aRuiz-Rodriguez, Magdalena1 aMartin-Galvez, David1 aPerez-Contreras, Tomas1 aSoler, Manuel  u<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14406036320 02147nas a2200229   4500008004100000020001400041245015100055210006900206260001400275300001200289490000700301520132200308653001301630653001101643653002201654653001001676100002701686700003001713700001801743700002001761856013601781       2006                        eng d  a0908-885700aRelative importance of factors affecting nestling immune response differs between junior and senior nestlings within broods of hoopoes Upupa epops0 aRelative importance of factors affecting nestling immune respons  cSeptember  a467-4760 v373 aAnimals should invest in the immune system to protect themselves from parasites, but the cost of immune responses may limit investment depending on resource availability. In birds&#39; broods, senior and junior chicks in size hierarchies face different rearing conditions, and thus we predicted that factors affecting immune response should differ between them. In asynchronously hatched hoopoe Upupa epops broods, we found that the immune response of senior nestlings was not related to their body condition, but positively related to risk of parasitism (which was indirectly estimated by laying date). This suggests that their immunocompetence is not limited by access to resources, and they can differentially invest in immune response with increasing risk of parasitism. On the other hand, immune response of junior nestlings was related to their body condition, but secondarily also to risk of parasitism. Our results agree with previous studies that have found significant influence of nutritional status and risk of parasitism on nestlings immune defence, but show that the effects of these environmental factors on nestling immunocompetence differ between nestlings occupying high and low rank positions in size hierarchies. The possible influence of maternal effects on the results found is also discussed.
10aCarnidae10aCarnus10aCarnus hemapterus10aSpain1 aMartin-Vivaldi, Manuel1 aRuiz-Rodriguez, Magdalena1 aMendez, Maria1 aSoler, Juan, J.  uhttps://diptera.myspecies.info/content/relative-importance-factors-affecting-nestling-immune-response-differs-between-junior-and-se