02168nas a2200193   4500008004500000020001400045245013100059210006900190260000900259300001200268490000700280520154500287653002201832653001101854100002001865700003201885700001501917856004201932       2008                        Engldsh    a0024-406600aEctoparasite load is linked to ontogeny and cell-mediated immunity in an avian host system with pronounced hatching asynchrony0 aEctoparasite load is linked to ontogeny and cellmediated immunit  cJuly  a463-4730 v943 aSeveral contrasting hypotheses have been proposed to account for host age-biased parasite distribution, with some of them suggesting a key role of ectoparasites in the evolution and maintenance of weight hierarchies within broods. We examined parasite distribution among individual hosts across the whole period of host exposure to the parasite in a host system that shows distinct within-brood differences in age and age-related mortality. By contrast to previous hypotheses, we found that the abundance of a haematophagous, mobile ectoparasite Carnus haemapterus on nestling European rollers (Coracias garrulus) was highest approximately during the mid-nestling stage of their host, coinciding with the inflection point of the host growth phase. Parasite load increased neither with absolute resource availability (i.e. body size), nor body condition index. By contrast to previous evidence, higher parasite load under natural conditions was associated with a stronger cell-mediated immune response. However, this association was moderated by low parasite densities, as well as a better brood body condition index. Overall, although we revealed remarkable host ontogenetic effects on parasite distribution, the present study suggests that a highly mobile ectoparasite generally prefers healthier hosts. We propose that, in host systems with a marked asynchrony of hatching and background mortality within the brood, parasites favour persistence rather than nutritional attractiveness of the host. (C) 2008 The Linnean Society of London.
10aCarnus hemapterus10aEurope1 aVaclav, Radovan1 aCalero-Torralbo, Miguel, A.1 aValera, F.  u<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14409054805 02069nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001400041245013300055210006900188260001100257300001200268490000800280520139900288653001301687653001101700653002201711653001001733100001501743700002301758700002801781856004201809       2006                        eng d  a0031-182000aProlonged diapause in the ectoparasite Carnus hemapterus (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha, Acalyptratae) - how frequent is it in parasites0 aProlonged diapause in the ectoparasite Carnus hemapterus Diptera  cAugust  a179-1860 v1333 aProlonged diapause is usually interpreted as an adaptation to unpredictable environmental conditions and resource availability. Many parasites usually face highly unpredictable environments, therefore prolonged diapause should be common among these organisms. Here we examine the occurrence and frequency of prolonged diapause in the ectoparasite Carnus hemapterus (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha, Acalyptratae). We found that the studied population is polymorphic with respect to diapause duration. Emergence of carnid flies after 2 and 3 wintering seasons was therefore detected in around 17% and 21% of the samples respectively. The number of flies with prolonged diapause ranked 0.88-50% with respect to the number of flies emerging during the first spring. Both the occurrence of prolonged diapause and the number of flies with a long life-cycle are related to the number of flies emerging during the first spring. The emergence pattern of flies with prolonged diapause was very similar to that observed for flies with a short cycle and occurred in synchrony with the occurrence of hosts. Prolonged diapause has been frequently reported in plant-feeding insects and in some host-parasitoid systems, but this is, to our knowledge, the second report ever on prolonged diapause in true parasites of animals. We discuss the reasons for the apparent rarity of prolonged diapause among these organisms.
10aCarnidae10aCarnus10aCarnus hemapterus10aSpain1 aValera, F.1 aCasas-Criville, A.1 aCalero-Torralbo, M., A.  u<Go to ISI>://ZOOREC:ZOOR14211069128 00546nas a2200169   4500008004100000245006300041210006300104300001200167490000700179653001300186653001100199653002200210100001500232700002300247700001200270856009400282       2003                        eng d00aInterspecific parasite exchange in a mixed colony of birds0 aInterspecific parasite exchange in a mixed colony of birds  a245-2500 v8910aCarnidae10aCarnus10aCarnus hemapterus1 aValera, F.1 aCasas-Criville, A.1 aHoi, H.  uhttps://diptera.myspecies.info/content/interspecific-parasite-exchange-mixed-colony-birds