I.  Brake, ?Carnidae?, in Checkliste der Dipteren Deutschlands, H.  Schumann, Bährmann, R., and Stark, A., Eds. 1999, p. 138.

J.  Rohacek, ?Carnidae, Tethinidae, Milichiidae?, in Diptera of the Pálava Biosphere Reserve of UNESCO, II, R.  Rozkosny and Vanhara, J., Eds. 1999, pp. 325-330.