L.  Papp, ?3.18. Family Odiniidae?, in Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera, Vol 3: Higher Brachycera, L.  Papp and Darvas, B., Eds. Budapest: Science Herald, 1998, pp. 233-242.

J. F.  McAlpine, ?Chapter 72. Odiniidae?, in Manual of Nearctic Diptera, vol. 2, J. F.  McAlpine, Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R., and Wood, D. M., Eds. Ottawa: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1987, pp. 863-867.