L. W.  Quate and Vockeroth, J. R., ?Chapter 17. Psychodidae?, in Manual of Nearctic Diptera, vol. 1, J. F.  McAlpine, Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R., and Wood, D. M., Eds. Ottawa: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1981, pp. 293-300.